Teaching with Contrived Experiences
INTRODUCTION
If for one reason or another, we
cannot employ direct experiences as materials for instruction, let us make use
of an “edited” version of direct experience- the contrived experiences.
ABSTRACTION
The model of the atom, the globe,
the planetarium the stimulated election process and the preserved specimen fall
under contrived experiences, the second band of experiences in Dale’s Cone of
Experience.
Contrived Experiences- these are “edited” copies of reality and are used as
substitutes for real things when it is not practical or do the real thing in
the classroom. These are designed to stimulate to real-life situation.
These include:
Model- is a reproduction of a real thing in a small scale, or
large scale or exact size. It is a substitute for a real thing which may or may
not be operational.
Mock-up- is an arrangement of a real device or associated devices,
displayed in such a way that representation of reality is created. The mock-up
may be simplified in order to emphasize certain features.
-is a special model where the parts
of a model are single out, heightened and magnified in order to focus on that
part or process under study.
Specimen- is any individual or item considered typical of a group,
class or whole.
Objects- may also include artifacts displayed in a museum or objects
displayed in exhibits or preserved insect’s specimen in science.
Simulation- is a representation of manageable real event in which
the learner is active participants engage in learning a behavior in or in
applying previously acquired skills or knowledge.
-simulation need not have a winner
-seem to be more easily applied to
study of issues rather than to process.
Games- played to win.
-are used of any of these purposes:
To practice and/or to refine
knowledge/skills already acquire
To identify gaps or weaknesses in
knowledge or skills
To serve as a summation or review
To develop new relationships among
concepts and principles
Why do we make use of contrived
experience?
We use models, mock-ups, specimen
and objects to:
1. Overcome
limitations of space and time
2. To edit “reality”
for us to be able to focus on parts or a process of a system that we intend to
study
3. To overcome
difficulties of size
4. To
understand the inaccessible, and
5. To help
students to understand abstractions
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